Biology · 2003 · May · Paper 3 · SL · Question paper

BIOLOGY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 3 Thursday 8 May 2003 (morning) 1 hour M03/410/S(3) IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI c 223-145 24 pages INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES y Write your candidate number in the box above. y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. y Answer all of the questions from two of the Options in the spaces provided. You may continue your answers on answer sheets. Write your ca ndidate number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper using the tag provided. y At the end of the examination, indicate the letters of the Options answered in the candidate box on your cover sheet and indicate the number of answer sheets used in the appropriate box on your cover sheet. [Personal identifier removed] Option A – Diet and human nutrition A1. Osteoporosis is a major health problem for many post-menopausal women. As the ovaries reduce their secretion of estrogen, calcium is gradually lost from bones, weakening them and increasing the chance of fractures. To test whether diet in fluences the rate of calcium loss, ovaries were removed from groups of female rats and the rats were then either fed a control diet or the same diet with one gram of a supplementary food per day. The rate at which the ra ts excreted calcium was measured. The ratio of calcium loss between the control rats and the rats that were given a supplementary food was calculated. . The results are shownloss with supplementary foodRatio loss in control rats  = in the graph below. Calcium loss ratio cab bage egg garlic parsley meat onion potato ski mmed m ilk soy -bean tomato 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Supplementary food [Source: Muhlbauer and Li, Nature, 1999, 401, pages 343–344] [1](a) (i) Identify which supplementary food was most effective in reducing calcium loss. ..................................................................... [1](ii) Identify which supplementary food was least effective in reducing calcium loss. ..................................................................... [3] (b) Among the ten foods shown in the graph, seven are plant products (vegetables) and three are animal products.