Psychology · 2002 · May · Paper 2 · SL · Markscheme

MARKSCHEME May 2002 PSYCHOLOGY Standard Level Paper 2 M02/350/S(2)M INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE BACCALAURÉAT INTERNATIONAL BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONALc 27 pages Biological bases of behaviour [13 marks]1. (a) Describe two theories of sleep. Two theories of sleep are require d and if only one is described, [7 marks] should be the maximum number of marks available for this part of the question. Answers may be awarded marks as long as they consistently focus on the question. Fo r example, recovery or restoration theories of sleep such as those offered by Horne or Oswald are acceptable, whereas the study of Randy Gardner is not unless it is explicitly placed within a sleep theory to illustrate a particular point. It is also acceptable for candidates to use evolutionary theory such as Meddis or Webb, or the biological theory proposed by Hobson. Dream theory should not be seen as rele vant unless it is subsumed under an explicit theory of sleep (see below). [12 marks](b) Evaluate each of the two theories that you described in part (a). Both of the two selected theories should be treated to criticism since no single theory is sufficiently comprehensive to explain all facets of sleep. For example, Hobson’s theory is among the most comprehensive developed so far, yet hi s conclusions are greeted with some scepticism by many psychologists. Similarly, most other theories neglect the important link between neurological activity and a way of imposing some sort of meaning upon images that result from such activity. [12 marks] 2. (a) Describe two structures of the brain that are involved in visual perception. (The eyes and their visual pathways may also be included as brain structures.) Candidates who desc ribe just one relevant structure should have a maximum of [6 marks] awarded. The eyes and the visual pathways are deliberately mentioned in the question since many candidates in the past did not appear to know that these are integral parts of the brain. Other structures may include the optic chiasma, lateral geniculate nucleus, the visual cortex or individual cells that specialize in visual perception e.g. the rods or cones of the eye, or othe r parts of the eye. Diagrams